Secular outlook

Chapter 4

Is a secular outlook on the world an essentially modern phenomenon, or does it have precedents in the second-wave era? 

A secular outlook on the world is not an essentially modern phenomenon. It precedents in the second-wave era. For example, legalism focused on rules and laws enforced by way of punishment, and religion was not considered. Also, Confucianism's primary focus was on human relationships, effective government, and social harmony. While Greek philosophers focused on human reason (argument and logic), thus, separating philosophy from religion.